Many major breakthroughs in modern life sciences display a prominent feature of phenomenon observation preceding structural analysis in the historical timeline. To fill cognitive gaps, classical theoretical systems often rely on auxiliary hypotheses to maintain logical consistency, which inadvertently increases theoretical complexity and violates the principle of simplicity pursued by science. This paper systematically reviews the complete course from the cognition of neuron structure, the discovery of cellular bioelectric phenomena, and the proposal of the sodium-potassium pump hypothesis to the structural elucidation of ion channels and the DNA double helix, clearly identifying the inherent theoretical contradictions caused by the lag in observation timing. On this basis, returning to the fundamental laws of biophysics, this paper proposes the ion channel windmill model for explaining action potentials and the DNA tetramer whole-chain transmission model for interpreting genetic information transfer. The new model system abandons redundant hypotheses, features a more concise logical chain, and puts forward several key experimentally testable predictions, providing a more internally consistent unified theoretical framework for neuroscience and molecular biology.