Aiming at the "continuous-discrete" contradiction between general relativity and quantum theory at the Planck scale, as well as the defects of existing unified theories, this paper takes Ramanujan modular formulas as the mathematical core to construct a 10-dimensional discrete spacetime basis with a fractal fiber topological network. The basis is formed by the topological tensor product coupling of 3-simplices, elliptically deformed Calabi-Yau-like manifolds and fractal fibers, and the spacetime evolution is regulated by modular parameters. This study clarifies the intrinsic origin mechanism of time, initially constructs a correlation framework for 60 typical topological real particles, provides topological interpretations for the Higgs signal and the origin of photons, proposes a cyclic universe model, and predicts candidate particles for dark matter. This research offers a new research path for the unification of quantum and classical theories, and also provides a basic framework for the interdisciplinary research of high-dimensional spacetime and number-theoretic geometry.