Quantum Physics

    

An Experimentally Appearing Inconsistency with Hidden Variable Theories in Quantum Optical Phenomena

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura

We investigate the significant striking aspect of the most basic two quantum observables: (1) an observable that is obtained though a single projection operator and (2) an observable that is obtained though a single identity operator. Kochen and Specker show that some value assignment to elements of a set of projection operators and the identity operator should fail. Now, we greatly simplify the Kochen--Specker theorem. Our simplified version says that we cannot assign a preexistence value as $+1$ to both quantum operators (the projection operator and the identity operator)even though the assignment is independent from each other. And finally, we are able to use the weak assumption (the identity operator possesses a preexistence value as $+1$) instead of the strong assumption (the existence of the weak hidden variable theory) in order to verify the Kochen--Specker theorem.

Comments: 21 Pages.

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[v1] 2025-12-24 21:22:47

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