Authors: Martin Kraus
While electronic orbitals with zero orbital angular momentum are a standard feature of modern quantum mechanics, the corresponding linear electron paths with zero orbital angular momentum ("pendulum-paths") were explicitly excluded in the "old quantum theory" because of concerns that an electron on such paths would collide with the atom's nucleus. More recently, some researchers hypothesized that models of spinning electrons allow for electrons on pendulum-paths without collisions with the nucleus. In the present work, the scenario of a spinning electron in a hydrogen atom on a pendulum-path was numerically simulated using the bi-level electron model. The resulting trajectories were evaluated by comparing time-averaged powers of the distance between electron and proton with corresponding time-averaged values in an improved variant of the Bohr-Sommerfeld model as well as with quantum mechanical expectation values. The numerical results for a spinning electron were in better agreement with quantum mechanical expectation values than the results for the improved Bohr-Sommerfeld model.
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[v1] 2025-12-05 13:18:23
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