Combinatorics and Graph Theory

   

A Note on the Occurence of Fibonacci Terms in the Differences Between n and Pn of Pancake Graphs

Authors: Ryan O'Rourke

In this paper I discuss a pattern observable in the n and Pn values of the first nineteen pancake graphs. This pattern could potentially hint at the as yet unknown diameters of the next graphs, and is at least viable for first seventy-four values of n, since it predicts values, in the aforementioned range, of Pn which fall between published lower and upper bounds. The pattern arises in sets of adjacent n's with equal differences between n and Pn, and is equivalent to a subsequence of the Fibonacci sequence. If one takes the known values of Pn and deletes n from each, one gets a difference value, which we call d, which allows one to arrange the numbers into corresponding blocks, so that the first block has 2 columns, the second 3, then 5 and then 8, and there a Fibonacci subsqeuence appears to be emerging (...2,3,5,8...). In this paper, I provide a formula for Pn for those n that follow this pattern:h(n) = n + ⌈(logφ (-(n - 1)(√5 - √5φ) + φ3)) - 4⌉ - 1 , and test it against published upper and lower bounds for Pn for n ≤ 10000.

Comments: 12 Pages.

Download: PDF

Submission history

[v1] 2025-11-23 09:10:25

Unique-IP document downloads: 163 times

Vixra.org is a pre-print repository rather than a journal. Articles hosted may not yet have been verified by peer-review and should be treated as preliminary. In particular, anything that appears to include financial or legal advice or proposed medical treatments should be treated with due caution. Vixra.org will not be responsible for any consequences of actions that result from any form of use of any documents on this website.

Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.

comments powered by Disqus