Astrophysics

   

Galaxy Evolution Based on a Revised Nuclear Model: A Unified Explanation for Quasars and Superheavy Nucleosynthesis

Authors: Xianzhong Cheng

background: Mainstream astrophysics, based on traditional nuclear and nuclear force models, posits that during the late evolution of massive stars, their iron cores undergo gravitational collapse due to insufficient energy release from fusion, triggering supernova explosions and forming neutron stars or black holes. This framework struggles to explain quasars' immense and sustained energy output, multiple spectral redshifts, and fails to effectively guide stable superheavy element synthesis.

Problem: This paper challenges conventional understanding of nuclear forces and iron core behavior identifying an overlooked slow fusion pathway in stellar iron cores during late evolution stages.

Core Argument: Based on a revised nuclear structure model (where nucleons exist as "subprotons" and "subneutrons" in dynamic transformation; see preprint viXra:2412.0014 submitted on 2024-12-05), we propose that extreme gravitational pressure in ultra-massive stars drives preferential fusion of iron cores into hyperons (e.g., Σ, Ξ). These hyperons rapidly decay as intermediate products, generating high-energy γ photons and free neutrons.

Results: This process initiates cascade reactions: 1) γ photons activate outer iron cores via photonuclear reactions, synthesizing superheavy elements (atomic numbers 104—118) through neutron/proton capture; 2) forms a layered core structure (iron crystal lattice, superheavy nucleus layer, neutron layer); 3) fast neutrons from the core bombard superheavy nuclei, releasing enormous energy that melts through the iron shell. Under strong magnetic fields and rotational forces, polar jets form, ultimately dispersing the stellar envelope and evolving into observed quasars.

Conclusion: This framework naturally explains quasar energy mechanisms (non-gravitational collapse energy), primary redshift sources (close-range strong gravitational redshift), and multiple redshift phenomena. It predicts a novel, high-yield pathway for stable superheavy nucleosynthesis under high-pressure environments with γ photon and neutron fluxes. This study calls for fundamental reconsideration of nuclear physics foundations and stellar evolution models.

Comments: 6 Pages.

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Submission history

[v1] 2025-11-02 01:19:10

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