Combinatorics and Graph Theory

   

P ̸= NP: A Constructive and Universal Proof via Factorial Growth Recurrence and Algebraic Irreducibility

Authors: Khaled Ben Taieb

We present a constructive proof that P ̸= NP. The core of the argument is a factorial growthrecurrence that models the minimal number of logical distinctions any exact deterministic solver for SAT must perform. We show that the unique solution of this recurrence is f (n!) = n!, forcing factorial-time complexity. Crucially, we prove that this recurrence is universal: any deterministic Turing machine deciding SAT exactly must implicitly realize this factorial explosion, regardless of its algorithmic design. We reinforce this conclusion with an algebraic irreducibility argument: 3SAT clauses, represented by cubic Boolean polynomials, cannot be reduced to quadratic (2SAT) constraints without exponential overhead. This demonstrates that no encoding or algebraic compression can avoid the factorial structure.Finally, we discuss why this approach circumvents classical barriers (relativization, natural proofs, algebrization). Together, these results yield a universal contradiction with the P = NP hypothesis. We conclude that P ̸= NP.

Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific reference and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Download: PDF

Submission history

[v1] 2025-09-11 20:00:34

Unique-IP document downloads: 348 times

Vixra.org is a pre-print repository rather than a journal. Articles hosted may not yet have been verified by peer-review and should be treated as preliminary. In particular, anything that appears to include financial or legal advice or proposed medical treatments should be treated with due caution. Vixra.org will not be responsible for any consequences of actions that result from any form of use of any documents on this website.

Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.

comments powered by Disqus