Mathematical Physics

    

Gravity as Toroidal Geometry of Time: Reformulating Einstein with Angular Tension

Authors: Pedro A. Kubitschek Homem de Carvalho

Wepropose a reformulation of Einstein’s field equations based on the concept of a time-tensional toroidal geometry. The unification constant αU = ApKe replaces Newtonian mass as the source of curvature. We define a tension-based vector field Uµ, from which we construct a geometric energy-momentum tensor T µν, and derive a new class of field equations. We show that in the weak-field limit, this formulation recovers Newtonian gravity, while offering a deeper ontological interpretation of space, time, and matter.

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[v1] 2025-07-20 20:27:46

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