The extraordinary precision of the Koide relation among charged lepton masses suggests a deeper organizing principle behind the particle mass spectrum. In this work, we show that the Koide formula arises naturally within a universal phase coherence law, where each free, massive particle is modeled as a topological soliton of a temporal flow field. Each soliton contributes a complex phase vector with amplitude √m and internal orientation θ, withtotal coherence determined by constructive interference. Leptons and bosons form orthogonal coherence sectors, distinguished by topological weight: 2 for spinorial leptons due to a nontrivial double cover (π1(M1) ∼= Z2), and 1 for bosons with simply connected configuration space. This yields an exact topological partition: Qℓ = 2/3, QB = 1/3, and Qtotal = 1, reproducing the Koide value as a consequence of internal phase geometry and soliton topology. Asmall but statistically significant deviation from perfect balance is observed, which likely reflects radiative corrections, phase misalignment, or measurement uncertainties, rather than the existence of additional particle states. This framework offers a unified, topologically grounded perspective on massgeneration, with testable implications across sectors.