In this paper, I propose an alternative explanation for the Hubble constant [5] based on the refractive index [35] of intergalactic and intragalactic space. Space is anything but empty. I explore how varying refractive indices affected by intergalactic plasma, intrinsic galactic properties, and gravitational lensing [17] influence light propagation and observed redshift. By analyzing galaxy-specific refractive indices and calculating the Hubble constant [5] accordingly, I present a model that aligns more consistently with observations without relying solely on cosmic expansion. This approach offers a new pathway to understanding cosmic distances and addresses discrepancies in current cosmological data. Additionally, because at the time of Einstein’s General Relativity, plasma and electromagnetic effects on gravity were not evident, I also propose other scientific works to help bridge the gap between a totally gravity driven universe and suggest a hybrid version that includes research by Donald Scott that highlights features of a plasma driven universe working in concert with gravity. Along with a simulation by Pratt and Snell for how to incorporate Einstein’s field equations into a more cohesive framework with a plasma and gravity driven universe eliminating the need for dark matter. Equally important was to make this study Available to a wider audience by incorporating an extensive definitions appendix.