Relativity and Cosmology

   

Quantum Mechanics at Observable Horizon Wavelengths: Accelerating Cosmic Expansion with no Dark Energy, Generating Repulsive Gravity in Cosmic Voids

Authors: Julian Williams

This paper explores ideas for new physics at both quantum and cosmological levels. It begins with proposals for building the fundamental particles from infinite superpositions that fit the SM, apart from infinitesimal differences, with possibly profound consequences including the possibility of both massive and infinitesimal mass spin 2 gravitons. All fundamental particles have at least an infinitesimal mass proportional to the inverse horizon radius. The symmetry breaking of the SM remains essentially valid because, with masses almost zero and nearly light velocity, helicity is virtually fixed. However, while this is true now, when matter was forming and the cosmic radius was much smaller, infinitesimal masses were much larger, and therefore producing asymmetry. Cosmic wavelength (kmin) gravitons vastly outnumber all other particles and the invariant action they require comes from the expansion of space inside the horizon. When mass is distributed evenly as dust, gravitons have uniform spatial density. In order to maintain the invariance of kmin action density, the metric undergoes changes around mass concentrations, consistent with Einstein’s equations. However, infinitesimal differences arise when the mass density of intergalactic voids falls below the cosmic average. This results in these voids exhibiting negative space-time curvature, contrasting with the positive curvature observed in galactic filaments. Gravitational binding only occurs in galactic filaments and the opposite in voids. Over large regions of space this difference also makes the values of the Einstein tensor components that the Freidman equation is derived from average zero. Space is always flat, and Quantum Mechanics controls the expansion of space regardless of Omega, with or without inflation. The scale factors in the radiation era, and the start of the matter era, are similar to Lambda-CDM cosmology. Massive spin 2 gravitons have galactic radii Compton wavelengths and spherically symmetric wavefunctions with inverse radius squared mass density, just as the proposed dark matter properties that give galaxies their observed MOND-like behviour. The rate at which massive gravitons form inside the cosmic horizon is related to the clustering of matter into galaxies and controls both the scale factor and accelerating space expansion with no need for dark energy.

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[v1] 2025-06-10 22:55:44

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