Quantum Gravity and String Theory

    

Quantum Gravity via U(1) Dark Energy: Density Variation and Graviton Redshift in an Expanding Universe

Authors: Nigel Cook

This paper advances a quantum gravity (QG) model where U(1) spin-1 gravitons mediate repulsive dark energy and attractive gravity, replacing general relativity’s metric expansion with a dark energy-driven mechanism. We derive a corrected gravitational constant G = (3/4)H2/(ρπe^3), incorporating density variations and graviton redshift via the continuity equation ∂ρ/∂t + ∇ · (ρv) = 0. The effective density is e^3 ≈ 20 times the local density, with a net factor of 10 relative to classical estimates adjusted by an early QG factor of 2. This framework quantizes mass and predicts gravitational effects in an expanding universe, validated using updated physical constants.

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[v1] 2025-03-28 00:20:50

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