The implications of Maxwell’s theory that combine magnetic, electrical and opticalproperties of electromagnetic radiations were not understood properly at the time of itsinception. It is shown here that mathematical restriction helps to resolve this centuries-oldcontroversy about wave-particle duality of electromagnetic radiation. This goes against theusually accepted notion that particles have wave properties and vice versa. The distinguishingfeature lies in the fact that particle motion requires no medium and is thus free from Dopplereffect. On the other hand, the wave motion depends on the medium of propagation and is,therefore, affected by Doppler effect. The particle motion is guided by particle (quantum)mechanics and the wave motion is guided by wave mechanics.The particle description of electromagnetic radiation was advanced by Einstein inproving the constancy of the velocity of light which is independent of the medium and theperception of simultaneity of events in different inertial frames. On the contrary, the wavemechanical approach was used by the adversaries of Einstein’s idea who pleaded for the spatialand temporal description as the result of Doppler effect. The arguments of both the sides areequally valid as the same problem was examined from opposite angles.The ideas of Red Shift, Tunnel effect, Photoelectric effect and Magnetic forces areexamined considering above viewpoints. The Red Shift conforms to the ideas of particle (Q)mechanics while the Tunnel effect can be interpreted in terms of wave mechanical perception. Photoelectric effect and magnetic forces are contributed by both wave and particle mechanics. The idea of electron spin, however, remains bizarre even around the centenary celebration year of wave and quantum mechanics.