Condensed Matter

   

Physicalized Temperature: A New Correlation Mechanism Between Helium-4 Atoms

Authors: Di Zhuang, Hongzhang Zhuang

The experiment shows that in the superfluid $^{4}$He, $^{4}$He atoms are not an ideal Bose gas, and there is a strong correlation between the $^{4}$He atoms in the superfluid state. The famous Tisza and Landau's two-fluid model does not provide an answer to the physical mechanism behind this correlation. This paper proposes a hypothesis—Physicalized Temperature (PT), a specific mechanism for the correlation between $^{4}$He atoms. Based on this model, new explanations are given for critical opalescence and the quantization of circulation; it is also predicted that, similar to superconductors, magnetic flux quantization will occur in a rotating torus container filled with superfluid $^{4}$He. The phonon-roton dispersion curve (P-R curve) of the superfluid $^{4}$He quasiparticles, which was conjectured by Landau, as well as the specific heat curve with singularities across the entire temperature range, are calculated and found to match the experimental data very well.

Comments: 9 Pages.

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Submission history

[v1] 2025-02-27 01:17:59

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