Authors: Mykola Kosinov
The evolution of the law of universal gravitation is shown from the verbal formula proposed by Newton in 1687 to the present day. The law FN ∝ mM/r^2 discovered by Newton was not an exact law of gravitation. Newton only indicated the proportional dependence of force on masses and did not attribute any numerical value to the gravitational force. In an unfinished form, Newton's law FN ∝ mM/r^2 existed for almost 200 years (!), until the constant G appeared in it. But even in its modern formulation, Newton's law F = GMm/r^2 gives only a part of the force of universal gravitation. Newton's law does not work at large distances. Newton's law is not applicable on the scale of the Universe. The formula for Newton's law shows the force of gravitational interaction of only two bodies out of all N bodies in the Universe. The formula for the law describes gravitation only to one local source of attraction and does not take into account that bodies simultaneously gravitate to all other bodies. Here it is shown that in addition to Newton's law there are two more laws of gravitation that remained undiscovered for over 300 years. A new law of gravitation is presented that describes the attraction of all bodies in the Universe. The obstacle to the discovery of this law of gravitation was the unsolved N-body problem. Here we present a solution to this problem.
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