Ion channels are essential for the proper functioning of excitable cells, governing key processes such as action potentials, resting membrane potential and cellular homeostasis. The kinetics of ion channel opening, closing, andinactivation are critical to their proper function, and mathematical modeling of these processes offers valuable insights into both normal physiology and pathophysiological conditions. This article explores the biomathematics behind ion channel kinetics, focusing on the mechanisms of channel gating andinactivation, and how these processes are mathematically described. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of ion channel dysfunction in various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, muscular diseases, and cystic fibrosis. By modeling the dynamics of ion channel statesand incorporating experimental data, mathematical approaches help to elucidate disease mechanisms and support the development of targeted therapies for ion channel-related diseases. This work highlights the power of biomathematical models in advancing our understanding of cellular physiology andin guiding clinical interventions.