Forces operative in the universe have so long been considered to be pull of particles towards their own both in small and long range. From the properties of short-range nuclear attractions, characteristics such as particle independence, saturation, pair and pairs of pair formation have been developed. Consideration of scattering of atoms by different types of projectiles show that Rutherford’s atomic structure which was modified by Bohr imposing quantum condition does not satisfy known facts. Thus, photons can scatter extranuclear electrons but not powerful enough to scatter nucleons. Although, α- particles and slow neutrons are able to scatter nucleons leading to β+ and β- emission, the neutron- β-neutrino scattering proposed by Fermi poses some difficulties. To cap all these, there is the restriction imposed by de Broglie’s hypothesis that nucleus is neither a repository nor a manufacturer of electrons. To account for all these restrictions, it was found that Dirac’s suggestion of particles and anti-particles in which nucleons are embedded may be fruitfully utilized. Thus, an atomic structure based on modification of Rutherford-Bohr model has been put forward.Triggering impulse of β- emission may be related to the gluon field which holds the binding energy till the point of overstretching of the mass of the quark involved.Key-words: Universal Forces, Short- and Long-range Forces, Characteristics of Nuclear Forces, Modified Atomic Structure including Dirac’s and de Broglie’s Ideas.