Relativity and Cosmology

   

Friedmann Versus Einstein Coordinates for Cosmology

Authors: Jonathan J. Dickau, Steven K. Kauffmann, Stanley L. Robertson

The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a large population of bright compact galaxies in the early universe. Their abundance suggests that the early universe may not have expanded as explosively as Big Bang cosmology implies, that it may have been relatively more compact for a longer period of time. It is plausible that the physical issue with the Robertson-Walker metric form in this regard is Friedmann's 1922 coordinate condition, which makes gravity effectively Newtonian, devoid of gravitational time dilation. Einstein's successful 1915 coordinate condition in contrast permits the metric to be Lorentz covariant and compels it to always have a matrix inverse, a constraint which the Big Bang flouts. We exhibit a transformation of the Robertson-Walker metric form to Einstein coordinates, and we study in detail the radial evolution, in respectively Friedmann and Einstein coordinates, of the very simplest expanding-dust-sphere cosmology model. The deceleration of cosmic expansion in Friedmann coordinates is changed in Einstein coordinates to its acceleration, and the Big Bang in Friedmann coordinates is swapped in Einstein coordinates for a peak in that inflation.

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[v1] 2024-09-25 02:00:02

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