This paper presents the new approach to the description of the nature and essence of electric charge, formulated within the framework of a unified concept of the formation of the structure of the cosmos. A computer model of the cosmos based on elements in the form of primary space quanta and energy quanta is proposed. We conducted a detailed study and visualization of the process of formation of the structure of the primary space. The essence of electric charge is defined as transformation of smooth continuous two-dimensional primary space by its deformation leading to formation of a set of spacestrons of different levels. The reason of origin and equality of negative and positive charges is explained in the given work. The process of spacestrons formation is investigated in details. It is shown that the electric field arises at distortion of 4-dimensional space-time, similarly to gravitational field, but under the influence of open quanta of space and antispace. In our paper a new inter-pretation of the possible appearance of the Universe from the point of view of submicroscopic approach to nature is proposed. Hypotheses about the role of primary space, the origin and form of the Big Bang, the asymmetry of baryonic matter, as well as such concepts as dark en-ergy, dark matter and their possible correlation in the cosmos are considered.