According to the Standard Model (SM) the quantum vacuum is not empty. However, General Relativity (GR) and the SM do not describe the vacuum structure. We propose a valence quark-based theory of the quantum vacuum structure and matter based on pion tetraquarks that fill space with varying density. We assume that the valence quarks and antiquarks, u ,d ,u ̃ ,d ̃ that form the vacuum pion tetraquark tetrahedron lattice are also the building blocks of the protons, neutrons, electrons, and positrons. Motion of particles made of quarks on the vacuum pion tetrahedron lattice is performed by quark exchange reactions by quantum tunneling through a double well potential barrier and motion of massless particles are performed by internal degrees of freedom motion of the pion tetrahedron lattice. Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) systems may be Carnot engines working between cold BH and hot accretion disk reservoirs. The proposed AGN system Carnot cycle based on the theory of the quantum vacuum and matter structures creates and emits pion tetrahedrons, protons and electrons to space in pulses by the AGN jets that may lead to the observed expansion of the universe.