General Science and Philosophy

   

Heuristic Challenges for Science and Mathematics to Modeling Nature

Authors: Donald G. Palmer

Science is about developing theories of nature based upon evidence, in particular experimental evidence. Scientific theories use mathematical tools to measure, explain, and predict natural and human-made processes. Over the last few centuries, we have begun to perceive objects across many levels of scale. We have come to understand that we live on a spinning earth, which is circling a sun, which is moving within the Milky Way galaxy, which is moving in a cluster of galaxies. And we have come to understand that we are comprised of organs and blood vessels that continually pump blood, which moves cells made of proteins that supply oxygen and nutrients to other cells. And all these cells and proteins are made up of molecules and atoms and particles that are constantly moving on their levels. Scientific theories and disciplines tend to address one or another level of scale e.g., quantum physics, molecular chemistry, human medicine, planetary ecology, stellar systems, galaxy clusters. Some address multiple levels of scale. However, nature includes all these levels operating together, in some interconnected fashion.

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[v1] 2024-05-18 20:08:51

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