With the development of blockchain technology and the rise of non-homogeneous tokens (NFTs), this study proposes an innovative blockchain architecture aiming to improve the data processing flexibility of blockchains by using NFTs as core data storage and management elements. In this architecture, NFT not only acts as the chain state basic unit, but also plays the role of a node in the graph structure maintained by the blockchain, which optimizes the efficiency of data organization and retrieval. In addition, smart contracts, account information, and other blockchain data are abstracted into NFT structures to enhance the security and transparency of the system. This study adopts a hybrid methodology for design and implementation, which first elaborates the NFT-based blockchain design principles and data structures, and then implements smart contracts through real-world cases to verify their usability. The experimental results show that the design not only improves the credibility of data retrieval results, but also enhances the scalability of the blockchain system. This study provides new perspectives and solutions for blockchain technology in dealing with complex data structures and optimizing systematic data retrieval, which is of great significance for the future application and research of dedicated blockchain and NFT.