Authors: David Martin Degner
The universe is made of a single elementary particle that I have named the N particle. The N particle is in perpetual motion. The quantum of energy the N particle possesses is 2.681338609×10−54 J. Dividing by c2 gives the mass of the N particle, 2.983391554×10−71 kg. I call the physics of the N particle the N particle model. See my The N Particle Model paper (viXra:0907.0009), 56 pages, circa July 2009. The N particle model leads directly to a simple theory of dark matter and dark energy. Dark matter and dark energy are made of tiny, extremely thin shell, spherical N particles, that I have named the omicron particle, the plural is omicra, as in omicra foam. The red shifts, that occur at the interface of dark matter with dark energy, generate omicron particles, increasing the wavelength and decreasing the energy of photons, some of the point N particles of which photons are made of transitioning to omicron particles, conserving energy in that transition, increasing the number of dark energy omicron particles over time that gives rise to the expansion of the universe—the dark energy foam is increasing in volume and pushes on the dark matter foam surrounding galaxies, propelling the expansion of the universe. One needs to read The N Particle Model paper for this paper to make sense. Prerequisites for being able to understand that paper are two semesters of introductory physics using elementary vector calculus. In that paper, I purposely left out my theory of gravity, leaving that as a challenge for the readers, as I will also do here. Hint: There is a 5th Maxwell Equation for the Gravity Field, and it looks like Gauss’s Law for the Electric Field. I provide a brief but dense overview of some of the relevant N particle model. Numerically Planck’s constant turns out to be two times the quantum of energy of an N particle times the frequency of a photon with the energy of an electron: h = 6.62607015×10−34 J·s = 2 × 2.681338609×10−54 J × 1.235589964×1020 cycles/s × s2, accurate to nine significant digits, that I consider to be proof of the N particle model.
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