Einsteinian science and Newtonian science are two sciences that seek a theory of the universe. Here, we use Einsteinian science to refer to Einstein’s later achievements in principle theory and the cosmos rather than focusing on special and general relativity. Newtonian science refers to concepts found within Weinberg’s Dreams of a Final Theory and Feynman’s The Character of Physical Law. Recently, we requested an editor of a respectable Science Citation Indexed journal to disseminate our extension of Einsteinian science for continued research and we are currently waiting. However, there may be some scientists who question our two discoveries—the success/failure system and cosmic inertia—and completely deny our extension of Einsteinian science. Nevertheless, in this paper we justify Einsteinian science and refute Newtonian science. Thus, we introduce the challenges of Polanyi’s premise of science that we then use to contrast the two sciences. Whereas Einsteinian science is based on the inertial universe, Newtonian science is based on the mechanical universe. This simple change in premise leads to a significant difference between the two sciences regarding collective research tasks, the methods of science, the laws of nature to be discovered and those already found, and their future findings. The scientific community must immediately embrace our extension of Einsteinian science and develop from it. Cosmic inertia prevails eternally.