This informative paper, which is published in an international mathematics journal, presents insights and many important points on the prime numbers, which are the building-blocks or “atoms” of the integers, and the Goldbach conjecture formulated by Christian Goldbach (1690 - 1764) which are the result of years of research (the author having published two papers on the Goldbach conjecture in an international mathematics journal in 2012), all of which would be of interest to researchers working on the prime numbers and the Goldbach conjecture itself. The Goldbach conjecture, viz., every even number after 2 is the sum of 2 primes, is actually related to the distribution or “behavior” of the prime numbers. Therefore, when the distribution or “behavior” of the prime numbers is firmly understood the conjecture could be more easily solved. The paper has much to share about the distribution or “behavior” of the prime numbers, providing much numerical evidence to support the conjecture, besides suggesting ways or arguments for resolving the conjecture.