Authors: John P Wallace, Michael J. Wallace
Hydrogen being the most common element in the universe is almost invisible in atomicform though it is common as a as minor contaminating component in most terrestrialcompounds. Atomic hydrogen and its isotopes are the only chemically active atomswhose valence electron is not screened from the nucleus. This unique property leadsto a rich spectroscopic behavior when weakly bonded to other molecules, surfaces, orembedded within solids. The spectra’s origin lie in rotational nuclear degrees of freedomthat become active when the atoms are polarization bonded to other structures. Freeneutral atomic hydrogen is difficult to detect by its 1420.4 MHz emission even in objectsas large as the local Virgo cluster of galaxies. Our surprise was in detecting intensesignals with an inexpensive receiver near 1420.4 MHz in the spectral band reserved forradio astronomy where broadcasting is forbidden. These signals behaved like emissionsfrom slightly perturbed 1S atomic hydrogen possessing rotational states with very smallenergy shifts. These signals are ubiquitous when there is any low level electromagneticnoise present.
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