The redshift-distance relation is explained in the concordance model by the metric expansion of space, which is described by the Friedmann solution to Einstein’s field equations. Cosmological redshift is proportional to the cosmic scale factor, the relation between redshift and distance is non-linear, and the Hubble constant determines the proper velocity of space expansion. Edward A. Milne developed a competing Newtonian expanding model in static Euclidean space that is consistent with the Friedmann equation. It describes the universe as a conservative gravitational system which includes special relativity. In this model cosmic redshifts are explained as relativistic Doppler redshifts, the Hubble constant determines the peculiar velocity of matter expansion, and the relation between redshift and distance is non-linear. This paper describes a static model of the universe as a conservative gravitational system. This static model explains cosmic redshifts by time dilation in a universal gravitational field, which results in a linear redshift-distance relation that matches Hubble’s 1929 discovery. The uniformity of the cosmic microwave background temperature is also explained by relativity effects in a universal gravitational field. In this model the square of the Hubble constant is the gravitational constant of cosmic gravity. The results of several different tests designed to determine whether or not space expansion is real are all consistent with the static gravitational model.