Quantum Physics

    

Bound State

Authors: John P Wallace, Michael J Wallace

The ground state energy of atomic hydrogen is difficult to measure precisely. This allowed theorists to bypass the role relativity plays in setting the energy levels. Rather they concentrated on lesser effects. Data for hydrogen like ions at high Z confirmed the strong role relativity plays in bonding showing how special relativity's gamma takes on values less than one in the bound state. Another major omission was found dating to the 1920s on how the asymmetrical binding fields of the proton and electron must be treated before allowing the atomic hydrogen states to be solved with standard perturbation theory.

Comments: 8 Pages. Major addition and revisions

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[v1] 2021-03-04 09:53:38
[v2] 2024-11-18 03:09:46
[v3] 2025-11-08 23:34:55

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