Topology

   

Lack of Disjointness in Genus-1 Surfaces: The Punctured Balloon Theorem

Authors: Arturo Tozzi

Take a balloon, that is a genus-one manifold. If you break the jointness by piercing its surface, the hole gest lost and the punctured balloon becomes a genus-0 manifold. Starting from this trivial claim, we prove a topological theorem which plainly states that “the ends of a donut can meet, whilst the ends of a kidney pie cannot”. In this succinct note, we discuss the theorem and its implications in disparate topics such as topological connectedness, gauge theories and the physics of the black holes.

Comments: 4 Pages.

Download: PDF

Submission history

[v1] 2021-01-01 12:21:36

Unique-IP document downloads: 317 times

Vixra.org is a pre-print repository rather than a journal. Articles hosted may not yet have been verified by peer-review and should be treated as preliminary. In particular, anything that appears to include financial or legal advice or proposed medical treatments should be treated with due caution. Vixra.org will not be responsible for any consequences of actions that result from any form of use of any documents on this website.

Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.

comments powered by Disqus