Relativity and Cosmology

   

Mass Accumulation and Cosmology

Authors: Gene H. Barbee

New observations indicate that stars and star clusters form earlier than previously thought. WMAP reported that re-ionization occurred at expansion ratio Z=20. This is 138 million years after the beginning. There are observations of stars after 200 million at Z=8. It is also observed that massive black holes form early. This raises questions regarding how structure forms. The author has been developing a model of the proton and applying it to cosmology. The model contains energy values that define time and space. It also defines the Newtonian constant G and initial expansion kinetic energy. These features form the basis of a cosmology expansion model previously reported. This paper indicates how the model treats accumulation of mass in stars, galaxies and clusters. It also calculates the Hubble constant and uses observations to verify an expansion model that includes the number of stars. Based on this model there is no dark matter, nor dark energy. Star densification and fusion initiation explain why we observe stars at about Z=8, although mass accumulation starts earlier.

Comments: 27 Pages. Please contact me at genebarbee@msn.com

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Submission history

[v1] 2020-08-23 20:14:17

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