Quantum Gravity and String Theory

   

The Lepton Masses and Dark Boson Orbitals and Reason for Generations of Particles

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski

We found that Cherenkov radiation and Bremsstrahlung equations could give us the mass ratio of the proton to the neutron. The Cherenkov radiation is to the 9th power as if there are levels to the universe. In the first part of this paper, we revisit the equations for the proton neutron mass ratio, in the second part we show how this can applied to the leptons electron, muon, and tau and how the electron, muon, and tauon may come about by dark photons changing orbitals. The proton neutron mass ratio has serendipitously been found. When a charged particle travels faster than light, it emits Cherenkov radiation. When a charged particle is accelerated it emits a braking radiation called Bremsstrahlung. Inside a proton are the many configurations of the nucleons. It is proposed here, and likely proposed by others that there may be some equivalent process that there is a constant acceleration of charged particles or superluminal movement of charged particles that causes the mass of the proton or other particles. It is proposed that the ratios of the masses of particles to the mass of the neutron is related to ratio of the Bremsstrahlung to the Bremsstrahlung where velocity is parallel to acceleration. In the case of the mass ratio of the proton to the neutron, the possible form of the equation was found first. This paper is an attempt of an explanation and derivation for the equation that very closely, within the known Codata 2014 mass ratio of the proton to the neutron, gives the mass ratio of the proton to the neutron. An equation is developed below that uses the coupling dependence and Cherenkov radiation angles summing the radiation angles from to angles, assuming an ideal case of a non-dispersive medium (where phase and group velocity are the same(14), and integrating through what may appear to be multiple levels of dimensions. This equation then uses a component of Bremsstrahlung radiation and proposes that there may be some relationship to both Bremsstrahlung radiation and Cherenkov type radiation within the nucleons that causes some type of resonance that stabilizes the masses of the fundamental particles, which is further proposed to be a function of an orbital type structure of the nucleons. This resonance is potentially demonstrated for a proton. The Leptons may use the same Bremsstrahlung Cherenkov radiation for setting up stable resonances for their mass ratios to the neutron. What we see is that the masses of the leptons, may be a mass that only becomes evident when a dark photon jumps from one orbital to another. Each particle would have its own dark photon. These may be the super symmetric particles that are proposed in string theory, but particles may have corresponding dark photons. This is a continuation of Sarnowski’s Spinning Sphere Theory for the construction of the universe. We also find that dark bosons can combine to form particles. There is a mystery in particle physics. What is the reason for the generations? What is the reason for the masses of the particles in the Standard Model. This paper shows that spinning sphere theory may explain the reason for the generations. In spinning sphere theory our universe starts with one particle for zero-dimensional point. Two particles for a one-dimensional string that corresponds to the Muon, Six particles for a two-dimensional ring, corresponding to the electron. 42 particles for the 2nd layer of a cuboctahedron for a three-dimensional particle, corresponding to the tauon.

Comments: 23 Pages.

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Submission history

[v1] 2020-08-10 09:25:50
[v2] 2021-02-09 19:05:00
[v3] 2021-03-25 02:53:52

Unique-IP document downloads: 572 times

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