Quantitative Biology

   

Chaos Theory and Information Transmission in Evolution

Authors: Nicholas Hoggard

There have been twelve occasions in the history of life on Earth when new ways of transmitting information to future generations have arisen. There are 2 biological mechanisms: Asexual Reproduction, and Sexual Reproduction. These are followed by no less than 7 cultural methods, all of them forms of intentional teaching of skills and/or language. Finally there are (so far) 3 information technology methods: Written language, Movable-type Printing, and Computers. Remarkably, when dates are assigned to these events, they are consistent with the pattern of a period-doubling cascade described by Chaos Theory, the time between each event getting shorter by a factor which converges to 4.66920… a number known as the Universal Feigenbaum constant Delta. Cherry-picking of data is not applicable because the 2 biological events are well known, and the 7 levels of teaching have been arrived at by studying the development of tools by early humans and without regard for dates. The information technology events reinforce the pattern. Period-doubling cascades can be found in many phenomena in nature and apply to nonlinear iterative processes with limited resources. The period-doubling pattern in the evolution of intelligent life on Earth can be explained if the bifurcations are interpreted as population size, and if the bifurcation parameter is Darwinian fitness, and if fitness increases with complexity which in turn increases with time. Nonlinearities in these relationships do not necessarily affect the result. Also, studies showing that rates of genetic change and speciation are largely unaffected by climate support the idea that a regular pattern is possible. Darwinian evolution fits the definition of a nonlinear iterated process, which explains why evolution can behave as a period-doubling system, generating self-similar structures – in this case, new information channels – in a predetermined time sequence. The bifurcations (population instabilities) can be explained by each new information channel increasing the organism’s speed of adaptation, which gives a fitness advantage, but also causes overconsumption of ecosystem resources, destabilizing the population level. There have been 12 new information channels so far, but the pattern implies that more will appear, until the intervals approach zero in the relatively near future. The process governing the evolution of Life on Earth may be the same process that governed the physical evolution of the universe.

Comments: 37 Pages.

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Submission history

[v1] 2020-06-07 09:46:51
[v2] 2021-03-04 09:05:51
[v3] 2021-09-11 05:11:24
[v4] 2022-05-10 07:24:57

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