Authors: Shazia Tahira
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not the most frequent cancer, but it is one of the deadliest cancers. The 5-year survival rate is 9% only. It is usually diagnosed at a later stage when surgical resection is not possible and metastases have already spread to other parts of the body. Developing early screening tools can help in diagnosing pancreatic cancer at initial and earlier stages when surgical resection is still a possibility leading to more years of survival and a potential cure. Different studies show the importance of identification of pancreatic carcinoma before large growth in tumor size. Recurrence after surgery is late if serum tumor marker level is comparatively less, tumor size is small and it is localized with no lymph node or vascular invasion and so according to different studies, early detection of tumor lead to more median survival time. There are many pancreatic carcinoma serum tumor markers, but most of them do not improve upon CA19-9 which is considered a gold standard pancreatic carcinoma serum marker although CA 19-9 also does not have perfect sensitivity and specificity. Because of less than 100% sensitivity and specificity, screening tests, using serum markers are mostly not recommended for the general population, although they are recommended for high-risk populations. Here we present a brief review about Ca 19-9 and some other pancreatic adenocarcinoma serum tumor markers including THBS2, MIC-1, sTRA, CEACAM1, CA 494, Span-1 and PAM4 which show some improvement over CA19-9. CA 19-9 is considered the standard pancreatic adenocarcinoma serum tumor marker but there are other pancreatic adenocarcinoma serum tumor markers with comparatively better sensitivity and specificity. THBS2 has comparatively less sensitivity but better specificity compared to CA 19-9. PAM4 has comparatively less or equal sensitivity but better specificity compared to CA 19-9. CEACAM1 and CA 494 have comparatively better sensitivity and specificity compared to CA 19-9. Span-1 has comparatively better sensitivity but less or equal specificity compared to CA19-9. MIC-1 has comparatively better sensitivity but less specificity compared to CA 19-9. sTRA has comparatively better sensitivity and equal specificity, also it is secreted by pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells which are different from those which secrete CA19-9. There is a possibility that a combination of these serum markers in screening tests may yield more sensitive and specific results that can be used for screening high risk as well as the general population.
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[v1] 2020-03-05 23:54:18
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