互能流理论简称“互能论”是包括互能定理，互能流定理互能原理，自能原理的一套从微观到宏观的电磁理论。该理论的目的是告诉我们光子是怎样由波构成的。宏观的电磁波又是怎样由光子进一步构成。因此对量子力学的波粒二象性悖论给出了一个很好的解决方案。按照互能论，构成光子的波有滞后波，超前波，还有两个时间反转波。滞后波超前波满足麦克斯韦方程。滞后波同超前波叠加其能流由两部分互能流和自能流构成。自能流是滞后波自身的能量流和超前波自身的能量流。互能流是滞后波同超前波的相互作用的附加能量流。自能原理告诉我们电磁场有两个时间反转波抵消了滞后波的自能流和超前波的自能流。这样自能流不传递能量。因此光源发出的滞后波是概率波，不是能流波。能量只是由互能流传递的。互能流经过归一化构成光子。因此能量流是由光子携带。互能流满足互能定理，和互能流定理。互能定理告诉我们，辐射源电荷的滞后波对吸收体电荷做的功正好等于吸收体产生的超前波在辐射体上吸允的功。互能流定理告诉我们在辐射体同吸收体之间有一个能量流，这个能量流所携带的能量通过在辐射体同吸收体之间的任何一个截面都是相同的。从互能原理可以推导互能定理，互能流定理，麦克斯韦方程，时间反转的麦克斯韦方程。互能原理，自能原理是这套电磁场理论的新公理。本文回顾作者完成这套理论的全过程。这个过程分为两个部分，第一部分是作者1987年到1989年间发表的互能定理。第二部分是2014年开始到2019年作者第二次进入这个课题最终彻底完成的互能论。在完成了电磁场的互能论后，作者把这一理论也推广到量子力学。这样任何一给粒子都是由互能流构成的。互能流是由对应粒子的波比如满足薛定谔方程的波的滞后波同超前波构成的。归一化后互能流就是粒子。构成粒子也有时间反转波。时间反转波抵消了所有自能流的能流，使得波成为概率波，而非能量波。能量是由粒子传递。反粒子由时间反转波的互能流构成。粒子的情况同光子近似。 The theory of mutual energy flow referred to as "mutual energy theory" is a set of electromagnetic theories from micro to macro including the theory of mutual energy, the principle of mutual energy, and the principle of self energy. The purpose of this theory is to tell us how photons are made up of waves. Therefore, a good solution is given to the wave-particle duality paradox of quantum mechanics. According to the theory of mutual energy, the waves that make up a photon include a retarded wave, an advanced wave, and two time-reversing waves. The retarded wave and the advanced wave satisfy the Maxwell equation. The energy flow of a retarded wave and an advanced wave is composed of two parts of a mutual energy flow and a self-energy flow. The self-energy flow is the energy flow of the retarded wave itself and the energy flow of the advanced wave itself. Mutual energy flow is the energy flow that interacts with a retarded wave and an advanced wave. The principle of self-energy tells us that two time-reversed waves in an electromagnetic field cancel out the self-energy flow of the retarded wave and the self-energy flow of the advanced wave. In this way, self-energy flow does not transfer energy. Therefore, electromagnetic waves are probability waves, not energy waves. Energy is only transferred by mutual energy flow. Mutual energy flows are normalized to form photons. So the energy flow is carried by photons. The mutual energy flow satisfies the mutual energy theorem, and the mutual energy flow theorem. The mutual energy theorem tells us that the work of the retarded wave of the emitting source charge on the charge of the absorber is exactly equal to the work that the advanced wave generated by the absorber absorbs on the emitter. The mutual energy flow theorem tells us that there is an energy flow between the emitter and the absorber. The energy carried by this energy flow is the same through any cross section between the emitter and the absorber. By using the principle of mutual energy, the mutual energy theorem, the mutual energy flow theorem, Maxwell's equation, and Maxwell's equation of time reversal can be derived. The principle of mutual energy and the principle of self-energy are the new axioms of this electromagnetic field theory. This article reviews the author's entire process of completing this theory. This process is divided into two parts. The first part is the mutual energy theorem published by the author from 1987 to 1989. The second part is the theory of mutual energy that the author entered this topic for the second time from 2014 to 2019. After completing the theory of mutual energy of electromagnetic fields, the author extended this theory to quantum mechanics. In this way, any given particles are composed of mutual energy flows. The mutual energy flow is composed of the retarded wave and the advanced wave of the wave of the corresponding particle, such as a wave satisfying the Schrodinger equation. The normalized mutual energy flow is the particle. The constituent particles also have time-reversed waves. Time-reversed waves cancel out all the energy flows of the self-energy flow, making the wave a probability wave rather than an energy wave. Energy is delivered by particles. Antiparticles consist of a mutual energy flow of time-reversed waves. The situation of particles is similar to that of photons.