In the present paper the results of the author's researches of a problem of the Planck momentum quantity have been presented. This issue is related to the bases of a universe. The matter is a bottom of all things and phenomena in the nature. The elementary representative (carrier) of the minimum quantity of a matter in the nature is the particle of a matter which we will name atom of a matter. The atom of the matter is a concrete material embodiment in the nature of the physical quantity (idea) of the Planck momentum. More correctly here it is necessary to speak about an elementary momentum of the nature, and the Planck momentum is only analogue of this physical quantity. The atom of the matter is characterized by two basic characteristics: quantity of a matter in the atom of the matter and diameter of the atom of the matter particle of a matter. These characteristics define the basic physical quantities in the nature: an elementary matter and elementary length. It is necessary to note that in the present paper the physical quantity of the Planck momentum is viewed parallel with fundamental physical quantity of the elementary momentum.