The present article “Time and a rhythm of the nature (Secret of a fine structure constant)” are presenting results of author's research on matter of a time and a rhythm of the nature and the Universe. All processes in the nature and in the Universe occur in the rhythm of the nature. This rhythm synchronizes all processes in the nature with the nature time. The nature has an own time unit. The fine structure constant is the coefficient linking two units of the time. The first unit is our usual second. The second unit is natural time unit. The nature has an own rhythm. In a natural rhythm all changes in the nature, in the world surrounding us, in the all Universe are happen. The Universe is the dynamic, material, physical object pulsing in the rhythm of the nature. The Universe is restricted at the size (in the space), at the mass and at the duration of the own evolution. The theme of this research is closely intertwined with two other themes. One of them is the theme of fundamental physical constants, and in particular the Planck’s quantities, such as the Planck’s mass, the Planck’s length, the Planck’s time. Other theme is a theme of evolutionary development of the Universe. The author adheres to a materialistic view at the nature and the Universe. It means that the basic substances of the nature are the material substances the matter, space and time. There is their indissoluble communication in the nature, first of all on the Planck’s gauge. From the point of view of physics these substances prove in the form of mass, the elemental charge, extent or length, duration or time (frequency) and submit to physical laws. These are independent substances of the nature and these are independent physical quantities. The nature on the Planck’s gauge is discrete. It means that the nature operates with certain discrete quantities of these physical quantities during the discrete moments of the time or the age of the Universe. The Universe has the beginning and has the finish (extremity), therefore time measured by age of the Universe is terrain clearance. The age of the Universe sets a Newtonian absolute time. The shape of an enunciating of article: theses and short explanations to them.