Relativity and Cosmology

   

Galactic Rotational Velocities Explained by Relativistically Stable Orbits that Spiral Outward at Increasing Distance as Predicted by Explanation for Gravity

Authors: William E. Rush

It is proposed that the strong force is the force of space. Development of this concept leads to the prediction that the mass of all matter increases as the universe expands. This mass (energy) increase is absorbed from space and leads to the force of gravity. The rate of mass increase necessary to bring about the known force of gravity is calculated. A relationship between matter mass increase and matter length increase is developed and then used to calculate the rate of increase of matter length. This same rate of increase in length applies to all other lengths and orbits including galactic orbital distance. This fractional expansion rate is determined to be Gm/c(r)^2 where m and r are mass and radius of some smallest particle of definable dimensions. If m and r of a proton is chosen, this equation predicts that gravitational orbits double in length approximately every 45-85 million years. Orbits within galaxies, with orbital periods of hundreds of millions of years, will therefore be outward spirals as measured by time zero length, though orbital distances will always be measured as unchanging. Higher orbital speeds are required to maintain these spiral orbits than the orbital speeds required to maintain circular orbits at the same orbital radii. Calculations within show that for a typical galaxy (M31) at typical galactic distances of about 15 - 30 kpc, the galactic orbits increase in radius, or can be considered to ``accelerate" outward, at approximately the same acceleration rate as the gravitational acceleration rate required to hold stars in a circular orbit at the observed rotational velocity. These equivalent accelerations are near the MOND critical value of 10^-10 m/sec^2. This may explain the anomaly of galactic rotational velocities without dark matter. The concepts proposed here require that the fundamental constants change with the expanding universe; however, if the principle of relativity (not the theory) is embraced, then this requires that these physical and fundamental constants are linked such that they appear to remain unchanged.

Comments: 10 Pages.

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Submission history

[v1] 2015-07-09 10:51:16

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