Quantum Gravity and String Theory

   

The Correct Age of the Universe

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski

Ludwig et al. derived solar ages from 1.7 to 22.3 Gyr (2009). The applied Th/Eu ratio is most credible. But the upper limit of the obtained interval is inconsistent with the mainstream-cosmology age of the Universe, about 13.8 Gyr. The upper limit is very close to the age of the Universe obtained within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), about 21.614 +- 0.096 Gyr. G. Hasinger et al. (2002) obtained that the Fe/O abundance in a high-redshift quasar is significantly higher than solar (Fe/O = 2 - 5). This result as well is inconsistent with mainstream cosmology and suggests that age of the Universe is longer than assumed or that there is an unknown mechanism for production of iron in the very early Universe. The incorrect age of the expanding Universe follows from the fact that the front of the CMB has radial speed equal to the speed of light, c, whereas the front of the baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy (the dark matter of the Universe is entangled with the baryonic matter) has radial speed equal to 0.6415c i.e. the most distant galaxies are already 7.75 Gyr old. The calculated within SST time distance to most distant galaxies is 13.866 +- 0.096 Gyr. Due to the cascade protuberances of the dark matter at the beginning of the expansion of the Universe, there appeared protogalaxies with redshift higher than z = 1 but such protuberances were very quickly dampened. Due to the last-scattering spheres, we can see spectrums of “superluminal” galaxies. In reality, the era of quasars lasted about 10 Gyr but we can see only the end of this era i.e. the last 2.5 Gyr.

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Submission history

[v1] 2014-12-16 08:01:11 (removed)
[v2] 2015-02-25 11:15:31
[v3] 2016-01-13 11:50:22

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