The redshift observed in astronomical measurements is explained as an observational artifact caused by the perspective of the observer, rather than the effect of physical cosmic expansion. The parsec unit of distance is defined in the observer-centered perspective, which is the generic term for the geocentric perspective. This perspective uses taxicab geometry which causes the Earth observer to perceive a longer wavefront travel distance for the parsec unit without a corresponding increase in wavefront travel time. This combination creates a velocity artifact , which, since it is part of each parsec unit, is cumulative with distance. The velocity artifact manifests to the Earth observer as an apparent redshift which only becomes significant at the megaparsec level. Predicted results are very close to expected values. The predicted Hubble constant value is calculated to be and depending on which formula is used. Each of the three values is within NASA’s limits. The artifact is also shown to generate the sinusoidal FRW wave functions for recession velocity, redshift and the scale factor. The artifact predicts a recession velocity of 1 to equal a redshift of 1.46, which equals the expected redshift value. The artifact is also demonstrated to be responsible for the phenomena commonly known as dark energy by causing objects to appear closer than expected due to shorter redshift-distance.. Riess et al (2004) found the redshift distance to be shorter by 10 to 15%. Correction of the artifact error causes the FRW redshift luminosity distance to increase by 14% which can be seen to closely match the intrinsic luminosity distance of the type 1a supernovae (SNe Ia). . The Pioneer anomaly, which is the unmodeled negative acceleration of two spacecraft launched in 1972, is also shown to be the result of the observer-centered perspective. The calculated negative acceleration of -8.745x10-10km/s/s essentially equals NASA’s value